Trafficking illegal goods and ancient commerce
نویسندگان
چکیده
Illegal goods are trafficked through couriers with whom legal contracts cannot be enforced. We model the problem of these couriers absconding and focus on a finite horizon problem in which trade cannot be sustained through reputational effects. Nonetheless, trade remains possible if there are sufficient gains. Optimal schemes have one courier making numerous, but a finite number of, return trips, being entrusted with bundles of increasing value, and keeping the last. Our model is robust to (i) punishment, (ii) bonding and (iii) a competitive market for couriers. We discuss implications for interdiction and how the model fits some ancient trade as well.
منابع مشابه
Impersonal trade through intermediaries without enforceable contracts: from ancient commerce to present-day illegal trafficking
We model long distance historical trade through intermediaries (couriers). Assuming contracts cannot be enforced and the courier can abscond, we characterize optimal trade schemes. The courier makes many but finite return trips, being entrusted with bundles of ever-increasing value, the last of which they keep for themselves. We are consistent with evidence including: (i) finite trade schemes t...
متن کاملCombating Illegal Organ Transplantation Under International Human Rights Law
Despite the fact that the concepts of organ transplantation and organ trafficking seem two completely distinct categories at first glance, sometimes they overlap with each other. This is especially in cases in which organ transplantation occurs from one country to another and for a financial exchange. There are two general indicators for determining the distinction between organ transplantation...
متن کاملA geographical analysis of trafficking on a popular darknet market.
Cryptomarkets are online marketplaces, located on the darknet, that facilitate the trading of a variety of illegal goods, mostly drugs. While the literature essentially focus on drugs, various other goods and products related to financial or identity fraud, firearms, counterfeit goods, as well as doping products are also offered on these marketplaces. Through the analysis of relevant data colle...
متن کاملInternational Human Trafficking: Critical Appraisal of Strength and Weaknesses of Nigeria’s Legal Frameworks
Nigeria has been facing the immense challenge of international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and forced labor into countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. Being an international criminal activity driven by high profits, Nigeria's adoption of a regulatory policy is expressed in the series of legal provisions to deal with the army of traffickers. In desperation, within a space of 1...
متن کاملDetermination of Barriers to E-Commerce in Companies Producing Sports Equipment and Goods: the Perspective of Sport Managers in Iran
Today, e-commerce has become a top priority for organizations. By getting use of the Internet, organizations can significantly influence the attitudes of their customers and encourage them to benefit from the services provided by them. Consequently, organizations can affordably become a leader in the market, supply, delivery, and service. Furthermore, development of e-commerce in all existing...
متن کامل